Business Transformation of Moevenpick Hotels and Resorts using VRINE, Essay

Business Transformation of Moevenpick Hotels and Resorts using VRINE, CAGE and Corporate Entity (Diversification) Frameworks - Essay Example MÃ ¶venpick Hotels and Resorts AG has focused on expanding into its traditional regions of Europe, Africa, Middle East and Asia. Such diversified presence in various regions of the world therefore indicates that it has been able to successfully expand in different markets. In this paper I will be concentrating on the MÃ ¶venpick Hotels and Resorts AG to seek the possibility of transforming the company using the VRINE model, CAGE as well as Corporate Entity (Diversification) models for better opportunities and higher market share. MÃ ¶venpick Hotels and Resorts AG manages 70 hotels of a total of 17,646 rooms in 24 countries in the market of upscale business hotels, holiday resorts and residences. Business hotels are 57% of the company’s managed hotels; resorts are 32% of the company’s managed hotels and 11% cruises. MÃ ¶venpick Hotels and Resorts AG has five regional offices in; Zurich acting as the corporate office for MÃ ¶venpick Hotels and Resorts AG and managing the region of Europe, Thailand, managing the region of Asia Pacific, United Arab Emirates, managing the region of the Middle East and India, Shanghai, Managing the region of China and Cairo, Managing the region of Africa. It is an analytical framework suggesting that an organization with resources and capabilities which are Valuable, Rare, Inimitable, Non-substitutable and Exploitable will gain a competitive advantage in the market. (Quizlet, 2012). It is however, critical to understand what actually resources and capabilities are and how they can actually provide a firm its overall competitive advantage over other firms in the industry. Barney (Cited in Peng and South-Western, 2008:3) defined the resources as ‘The tangible and intangible assets a firm uses to choose and implement its strategies’ while capability is a firm’s ability to make use of its resources in a highly productive way. (Santiago, 2003) Resources can be either tangible such as land and

Early Christian Architecture Essay Example for Free

Early Christian Architecture Essay Early Christian Architecture We have spoken of how one style of architecture develops from another, and we are now to look briefly at a form which is chiefly important as being a link in the chain of styles. There are not many important buildings of the Early Christian style. It came into being at a time when not much building was going on that is, during the early centuries of Christianity, and what good examples there are, are nearly all churches. During the first three centuries of the Christian era Christianity was under the ban of persecution, and there was not much chance for it to manifest itself in great architecture. But, early in the fourth century, Constantine became Emperor and was converted to Christianity. He made Christianity the State religion. Constantine founded three large basilicas in Rome, all of which have been buried or destroyed. The chief objects to be thought of in these churches was to build without too much cost, to do it quickly, and to accommodate large congregations. A great structural principle which they used in roofing, or spanning spaces, is the truss. This is a frame of beams, or of beams and rods, so disposed and fastened as to make a continuous support or bridge across an open space. The truss was used by the Romans in roofing their basilicas. CHIEF FEATURES As the great Romanesque style grew out of this early Christian architecture, let us look at the main features of the earlier and simpler style. Some of the most important of these features are preserved also in the Gothic church and we shall wish to see, as we very easily can see, how they grew out of this first early Christian style. The buildings of this style were simple in form, but of noble proportions, and, though very plain without, they were often gorgeous within. A notable circumstance about the early Christian work is the fact that its monuments were built largely from ruins and fragments quarried from earlier Roman work. No doubt much beauty was ruthlessly destroyed in this way. Before the Christian era Cato borrowed from the Greeks their hall of justice; the first one being erected in Rome about 190 years before Christ. These basilicas usually had a large hall connected with a portico, and encircling galleries often enclosed the whole. When Christianity became a State religion these buildings came to be used for religious purposes. The basilica always had a central aisle; and this nave or central portion was usually separated from the side aisles by rows of columns. At the further end of the nave was the sanctuary or apse, in front of which stood the altar. In front of the whole was usually an atrium or fore-court, surrounded by a covered arcade. The exterior was extremely plain, and the interior resplendent with marbles and mosaics. A wooden roof covered the edifice. Figure 29 is the ground plan of a basilica which will show us the general arrangement, although this basilica does not happen to be an old Roman example. Above the columns that surrounded the nave there usually arose another story called the clerestory (clear story), the walls of which were pierced with windows. This is a feature which persists through later styles, and it is interesting to see its simple and plain beginning. Some of the Egyptian temples had clerestories, but the European examples date back only to early Christian architecture.

Personal Narrative: I have seen Elvis Presley :: Celebrity Actor Acting Performing Musician

I Have Seen Elvis While driving down the expressway late last Saturday night I saw the strangest thing. There on the side of the road was an old broken-down blue Cadillac. As I passed, that's when I saw it. Out of the corner of my eye; it was him. There stood Elvis Presley, the King, kicking at the flattened tire of his rusted out Cadillac. I swear it was him. He had the side-burns, the wonderfully slicked back hair, and just as he went out of sight I swear he was doing that lip thing. As I think back on that night I wonder to myself if it was really him or if I just really wanted it to be. To me he is a symbol of both a lifestyle and a generation. Even though he supposedly died a month before I was born, his image and his likeness has so much meaning for me. Was it his greasy hair, the rebellious sexuality of his gyrating hips or just that sullen look in his eye? All these years I have never really known how my obsession with him came about. Now that I am in college I am beginning to question how thi s man of relatively little talent became such a hero to me and such a legend of American pop-culture? I guess for me, I am just infatuated with his image. You could say I'm sold on it. Elvis was everything I have always wanted to be. He was a rebellious loner and also incredibly popular. Elvis was always carrying around a pretty guitar but it is rumored he could barely play three cords on it. Presley was so phenomenally talented that even after dead for more than twenty-two years, he is still making more money than the average hard working American. He was a poor southern boy who was manufactured and constructed into American royalty. It is for these reasons that I hold a special place in my heart for Elvis. It is also for these reasons that I will from now on respectfully refer to him as, The King. The King is the result of the manipulation and the marketing of the American public through the use of the mass media. The first weapon used to target the wallets of the American people was the record. Rock 'n' Roll, a rebellious new sound that was immediately embraced by the young teen-agers of the fifties was a great turning point in our American society.

A Case Study Depicting the Importance of Ethics in Medicine Essay examp

To protect the individual’s right and confidentiality, the client involved would be referred to as ‘Marge’. Introduction ‘Work for health requires moral commitment’ (Seedhouse, 2009 p. xiviii). Therefore, the obligation rests on healthcare professionals faced with ethical dilemma in their practice to make moral decision which should promote and enhance health ( Rumbold, 1999; Sim, 1997). Ethics is concerned with the basis on which an action is determined as either right or wrong (Rumbold, 1999; MacIntyre, 2005). Therefore, ethics is the study of morality which is also known as moral philosophy (Sim, 1997; Thompson et al, 2006). When one moral principle conflicts with another, it is referred to as a moral or ethical dilemma (Sim, 1997). Hence, ethics provides a framework for addressing dilemmas (Rumbold, 1999). Thus, Thompson et al (2006), highlights that clients are presented as consumers rather than recipients of care. As a result, there seems to have been changes and challenges in health and social care in recent years (Thompson et al, 2006). More than ever before healthcare professionals have to act in the best interest of clients irrespective of their cultural backgrounds, values or religion (Thompson et al, 2006). This essay highlights the Hippocratic Oath as it is translated into principles which inform the modern code of ethics (Preston, 2009). Furthermore, these principles may not be enough in undertaking moral reasoning. Therefore professionals may have to employ some of the ethical theories which include theory of justice, teleology and deontology in deciding the best possible action for Marge in the case study. Marge has been diagnosed with bipolar affective disorder, and the multidisciplinary ... ...s (RMO), Nurses, Occupational Therapists, Social Worker and Psychologist were alerted at the deterioration in Marge’s mental health in the hospital. Marge’s mood has now altered to a manic state. She was constantly laughing and doing Irish dance in the ward. She had also been abusing alcohol and acting in a very flirtatious manner. This behaviour was completely out of character for Marge who is a devout Christian with a reserved persona. Marge also neglected herself- not eating or washing. In the past when depressed, she has made suicide attempts and did not allowed health professionals into her high rise flat. During her last manic episode, she gave away large sums of money. Her judgement was impaired and did not comply with prescribed medication. Marge wants discharged but has no insight into her current manic episodes. So also, her children wanted her home

Representation in “To kill a mockingbird” Essay

Mockingbird: The mockingbird represents innocence. Like hunters who kill mockingbirds for sport, people kill innocence, or other people who are innocent, without thinking about what they are doing. Atticus stands firm in his defense of innocence and urges his children not to shoot mockingbirds both literally and figuratively. The mockingbird motif arises four times during To Kill a Mockingbird. First, when Atticus gives Jem and Scout air guns for Christmas and instructs them not to kill mockingbirds. Second, when B.B. Underwood writes about Tom Robinson’s death in his column. Third, a mockingbird sings right before Bob Ewell attacks Jem and Scout. Finally, Scout agrees with Atticus that prosecuting Boo for Ewell’s murder would be like killing a mockingbird. Atticus: Father of Jem and Scout, Atticus Finch sits on the Alabama State Legislature and acts as Maycomb’s leading attorney. The epitome of moral character, Atticus teaches his children and his community how to stand up for one’s beliefs in the face of prejudice and ignorance by defending a black man, Tom Robinson, wrongfully accused of raping a white woman. Having lost his wife when Scout was two years old, Atticus devotes himself to his children despite criticism from family and neighbors who think his children lack discipline and proper guidance. Atticus stands as one of literature’s strongest and most positive father figures. As one of the most prominent citizens in Maycomb during the Great Depression, Atticus is relatively well off in a time of widespread poverty. Because of his penetrating intelligence, calm wisdom, and exemplary behavior, Atticus is respected by everyone, including the very poor. He functions as the moral backbone of Maycomb, a person to whom others turn in times of doubt and trouble. But the conscience that makes him so admirable ultimately causes his falling out with the people of Maycomb. Unable to abide the town’s comfortable ingrained racial prejudice, he agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a black man. Atticus’s action makes him the object of scorn in Maycomb, but he is simply too impressive a figure to be scorned for long. After the trial, he seems destined to be held in the same high regard as before. Atticus practices the ethic of sympathy and understanding that he preaches to Scout and Jem and never holds a grudge against the people of Maycomb. Despite their callous indifference to racial inequality, Atticus sees much to admire in them. He  recognizes that people have both good and bad qualities, and he is determined to admire the good while understanding and forgiving the bad. Atticus passes this great moral lesson on to Scout—this perspective protects the innocent from being destroyed by contact with evil. Ironically, though Atticus is a heroic figure in the novel and a respected man in Maycomb, neither Jem nor Scout consciously idolizes him at the beginning of the novel. Both are embarrassed that he is older than other fathers and that he doesn’t hunt or fish. But Atticus’s wise parenting, which he sums up in Chapter 30 by saying, â€Å"Before Jem looks at anyone else he looks at me, and I’ve tried to live so I can look squarely back at him,† ultimately wins their respect. By the end of the novel, Jem, in particular, is fiercely devoted to Atticus (Scout, still a little girl, loves him uncritically). Though his children’s attitude toward him evolves, Atticus is characte rized throughout the book by his absolute consistency. He stands rigidly committed to justice and thoughtfully willing to view matters from the perspectives of others. He does not develop in the novel but retains these qualities in equal measure, making him the novel’s moral guide and voice of conscience. atticus’s wisdom, Scout learns that though humanity has a great capacity for evil, it also has a great capacity for good, and that the evil can often be mitigated if one approaches others with an outlook of sympathy and understanding. Atticus Finch – Scout and Jem’s father, a lawyer in Maycomb descended from an old local family. A widower with a dry sense of humor, Atticus has instilled in his children his strong sense of morality and justice. He is one of the few residents of Maycomb committed to racial equality. When he agrees to defend Tom Robinson, a black man charged with raping a white woman, he exposes himself and his family to the anger of the white community. With his strongly held convictions, wisdom, and empathy, Atticus functions as the novel’s moral backbone. The father of Scout and Jem, Atticus is a lawyer and an extremely morally upright man who strives to deal with everyone fairly. Atticus is sometimes overly optimistic, but his unshakable hope in mankind and self-created role as the town ‘do-gooder’ sustain him. Atticus’ wife died when Scout was very small, and he has raised his children only with the assistance of Calpurnia, his black housekeeper and cook. Quotation: I remember when my daddy gave me that gun. He told me that I should never point it at anything in the house; and that he’d rather I’d shoot at tin cans in the backyard. But he said that sooner or later he supposed the temptation to go after birds would be too much, and that I could shoot all the blue jays I wanted – if I could hit ’em; but to remember it was a sin to kill a mockingbird. Well, I reckon because mockingbirds don’t do anything but make music for us to enjoy. They don’t eat people’s gardens, don’t nest in the corncrib, they don’t do one thing but just sing their hearts out for us. Atticus’s advice to Scout deals with his philosophy about tolerance, and how if you try and put yourself in another person’s place, one might better understand their reasoning. The title of To Kill a Mockingbird has very little literal connection to the plot, but it carries a great deal of symbolic weight in the book. In this story of innocents destroyed by evil, the â€Å"mockingbird† comes to represent the idea of innocence. Thus, to kill a mockingbird is to destroy innocence. Throughout the book, a number of characters (Jem, Tom Robinson, Dill, Boo Radley, Mr. Raymond) can be identified as mockingbirds—innocents who have been injured or destroyed through contact with evil. This connection between the novel’s title and its main theme is made explicit several times in the novel: after Tom Robinson is shot, Mr. Underwood compares his death to â€Å"the senseless slaughter of songbirds,† and at the end of the book Scout thinks that hurting Boo Radley would be like â€Å"shootin’ a mockingbird.† Most important, Miss Maudie explains to Scout: â€Å"Mockingbirds don’t do one thing but . . . sing their hearts out for us. That’s why it’s a sin to kill a mockingbird.† That Jem and Scout’s last name is Finch (another type of small bird) indicates that they are particularly vulnerable in the racist world of Maycomb, which often treats the fragile innocence of childhood harshly. His stern but fair attitude toward Jem and Scout reaches into the courtroom as well. He politely proves that Bob Ewell is a liar; he respectfully questions Mayella about her role in Tom’s crisis. One of the things that his longtime friend Miss Maudie admires about him is that â€Å"‘Atticus Finch is the same in his house as he is on the public streets.'† The only time he seriously lectures his children is on the evils of taking advantage of those less fortunate or less educated, a  philosophy he carries into the animal world by his refusal to hunt. And although most of the town readily pins the label â€Å"trash† on other people, Atticus reserves that distinction for those people who unfairly exploit others. Atticus believes in justice and the justice system. He doesn’t like criminal law, yet he accepts the appointment to Tom Robinson’s case. He knows before he begins that he’s going to lose this case, but that doesn’t stop him from giving Tom the strongest defense he possibly can. And, importantly, Atticus doesn’t put so much effort into Tom’s case because he’s an African American, but because he is innocent. Atticus feels that the justice system should be color blind, and he defends Tom as an innocent man, not a man of color. Our first-person narrator is Scout Finch, who is five when the story begins and eight when it ends. From the first chapter, though, it’s clear that Scout is remembering and narrating these events much later – after all, the second paragraph of the novel begins, â€Å"When enough years had gone by to enable us to look back on them, we sometimes discussed the events leading to [Jem’s] accidentâ⠂¬  (1.2). For the most part, Scout recounts the events from her childhood perspective, as she understood them at the time, rather than imposing an adult commentary. This makes the narrative perspective a naà ¯ve one: often we get descriptions of events just as she experiences them, without commentary on what they mean, or a commentary that is humorously innocent. But having the adult perspective be there in the background, even if it isn’t in play for most of the narration, means it can pop out when it’s needed to point out important things that the narrator realizes only later, to make sure that the reader sees them too. The strongest element of style is Lee’s talent for narration, called â€Å"tactile brilliance†. â€Å"Harper Lee has a remarkable gift of story-telling. Her art is visual, and with cinematographic fluidity and subtlety we see a scene melting into another scene without jolts of transition. Lee combines the narrator’s voice of a child observing her surroundings with a grown woman’s reflecting on her childhood, using the ambiguity of this voice combined with  the narrative technique of flashback to play intricately with perspectives. This narrative method allows Lee to tell a â€Å"delightfully deceptive† story that mixes the simplicity of childhood observation with adult situations complicated by hidden motivations and unquestioned tradition. However, at times the blending causes reviewers to question Scout’s preternatural vocabulary and depth of understanding. Lee uses parody, satire, and irony effectively by using a child’s perspective. After Dill promises to marry her, then spends too much time with Jem, Scout reasons the best way to get him to pay attention to her is to beat him up, which she does several times. Scout’s first day in school is a satirical treatment of education; her teacher says she must undo the damage Atticus has wrought in teaching her to read and write, and forbids Atticus from teaching her further. Lee treats the most unfunny situations with irony, however, as Jem and Scout try to understand how Maycomb embraces racism and still tries sincerely to remain a decent society. Satire and irony are used to such an extent. Scout narrates the story herself, looking back in retrospect an unspecified number of years after the events of the novel take place. POINT OF VIEW  · Scout narrates in the first person, telling what she saw and heard at the time and augmenting this narration with thoughts and assessments of her experiences in retrospect. Although she is by no means an omniscient narrator, she has matured considerably over the intervening years and often implicitly and humorously comments on the naà ¯vetà © she displayed in her thoughts and actions as a young girl. Scout mostly tells of her own thoughts but also devotes considerable time to recounting and analyzing Jem’s thoughts and actions. TONE  · Childlike, humorous, nostalgic, innocent; as the novel progresses, increasingly dark, foreboding, and critical of society MAJOR CONFLICT  · The childhood innocence with which Scout and Jem begin the novel is threatened by numerous incidents that expose the evil side of human nature, most notably the guilty verdict in Tom Robinson’s trial and the vengefulness of Bob Ewell. As the novel progresses, Scout and Jem struggle to maintain faith in the human capacity for good in light of these recurring instances of human evil. RISING ACTION  · Scout, Jem, and Dill become fascinated with their mysterious neighbor Boo Radley and have an escalating series of encounters with him. Meanwhile, Atticus is assigned to defend a black man, Tom Robinson against the spurious rape charges Bob Ewell has brought against him. Watching the trial, Scout, and especially Jem, cannot understand how a jury could possibly convict Tom Robinson based on the Ewells’ clearly fabricated story. CLIMAX  · Despite Atticus’s capable and impassioned defense, the jury finds Tom Robinson guilty. The verdict forces Scout and Jem to confront the fact that the morals Atticus has taught them cannot always be reconciled with the reality of the world and the evils of human nature. FALLING ACTION  · When word spreads that Tom Robinson has been shot while trying to escape from prison, Jem struggles to come to terms with the injustice of the trial and of Tom Robinson’s fate. After making a variety of threats against Atticus and others connected with the trial, Bob Ewell assaults Scout and Jem as they walk home one night, but Boo Radley saves the children and fatally stabs Ewell. The sheriff, knowing that Boo, like Tom Robinson, would be misunderstood and likely convicted in a trial, protects Boo by saying that Ewell tripped and fell on his own knife. After sitting and talking with Scout briefly, Boo retreats into his house, and Scout never sees him again.

Ancestry of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Ancestry of Martin Luther King, Jr. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on 15 January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia to a long line of preachers. His father, Martin Luther King, Sr. was a pastor for the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. His maternal grandfather, the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, was famous for his fiery sermons. His great-grandfather, Willis Williams, was a slave-era preacher. Family Tree of Martin Luther King Jr. This family tree uses the Ahnentafel Genealogical Numbering System. First Generation: 1. Martin Luther King Jr. was born Michael L. King on 15 January 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, and was assassinated on 4 April 1968 during a visit to Memphis, Tennessee. In 1934, his father perhaps inspired by a visit to the birthplace of Protestantism in Germany is said to have changed his name and that of his son to Martin Luther King. Martin Luther King Jr. married Coretta Scott King (27 April 1927 - 1 January 2006) on 18 June 1953 on the lawn of her parents home in Marion, Alabama. The couple had four children: Yolanda Denise King (b. 17 November 1955), Martin Luther King III (b. 23 October 1957), Dexter Scott King (b. 30 January 1961) and Bernice Albertine King (b. 28 March 1963). Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was laid to rest in the historically black South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, but his remains were later moved to a tomb located on the grounds of the King Center, adjacent to Ebenezer Baptist Church. Second Generation (Parents): 2. Michael KING, often called Daddy King was born on 19 Dec 1899 in Stockbridge, Henry County, Georgia and died of a heart attack on 11 November 1984 in Atlanta, Georgia. He is buried with his wife at South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. 3. Alberta Christine WILLIAMS was born on 13 September 1903 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was shot to death on 30 June 1974 while she played the organ at Sunday service at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, and is buried with her husband in South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther KING Sr. and Alberta Christine WILLIAMS were married on 25 November 1926 in Atlanta, Georgia, and had the following children: i. Willie Christine KING was born 11 September 1927 and married Isaac FARRIS, Sr.1 ii. Martin Luther KING, Jr.iii. Alfred Daniel Williams KING was born 30 July 1930, married Naomi BARBER, and died 21 July 1969. The Rev. A. D. King is buried in South-View Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia. Third Generation (Grandparents): 4. James Albert KING was born about December 1864 in Ohio. He died on 17 November 1933 in Atlanta, Georgia, four years after the birth of his grandson, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 5. Delia LINSEY was born about July 1875 in Henry County, Georgia, and died 27 May 1924. James Albert KING and Delia LINSEY were married 20 August 1895 in Stockbridge, Henry County, Georgia and had the following children: i. Woodie KING born abt. April 18962. ii. Michael KINGiii. Lucius KING was born abt. Sept. 1899 and died before 1910.iv. Lenora KING was born abt. 1902v.Cleo KING was born abt. 1905vi. Lucila KING was born abt. 1906vii. James KING Jr was born abt. 1908viii. Rubie KING was born abt. 1909 6. Rev. Adam Daniel WILLIAMS was born on the 2 January 1863 in Penfield, Greene County, Georgia to slaves Willis and Lucretia Williams. and died 21 March 1931. 7. Jenny Celeste PARKS was born about April 1873 in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia and died of a heart attack on 18 May 1941 in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. Adam Daniel WILLIAMS and Jenny Celeste PARKS were married on 29 October 1899 in Fulton County, Georgia, and had the following children: 3. i. Alberta Christine WILLIAMS

8 Necessary Considerations When Writing Study Limitations and Alternatives

8 Necessary Considerations When Writing Study Limitations and Alternatives You will look forward to your research paper being read by the specific audience for which it is targeted- professors, experts in the field, publication editors, etc. And you will, of course, be gratified if and when your paper receives significant interest from other constituents- researchers with the same or similar interests, students, or even readers from the general public. Whatever the case, listing your study limitations with accompanying discussion must be included in your manuscript.The primary section on limitations is best located in the closing stages of a paper. However, you may refer to limitations during the course of a paper when they are pertinent. In all instances, discuss limitations clearly and concisely, pointing out the reasons for their inclusion. Your honest appraisal of how limitations bear on your writing will only add to the impact and legitimacy of your writing. Moreover, you are aiding other researchers in setting their parameters for future writing.You s hould avoid certain mistakes when listing your limitations and alternatives. To put it another way, become familiar with the primary pitfalls associated with research and writing so that you can articulate the limitations appropriately and accurately. Here are 8 significant factors that constitute study limitations and caution that applies to each.Become familiar with the primary pitfalls associated with research and writing so that you can articulate the limitations appropriately and accurately. Photo Andrey Zvyagintsev from Unsplash.1. Sample selection/profile/sizeYour sample participants must reflect the population you would be expected to approach for your particular study. In this regard, your ability to establish contact in some way with suitable respondents is critical. Otherwise, you cannot have suitable representation for your findings. Consequently, you will have to formulate an alternate methodology for your research that ensures reasonable findings while overcoming this limitation. Ultimately, when you do have issues with narrow access, break down the causes for this limitation.Because larger sample sizes are commonly required in order to apply findings to the larger populace, be careful to use a sample size that reflects the depth of your study. For example, if you were researching the annual impact of thousands of visitors to your city for a major cultural event, and you only engaged with 50 participants, you would have obvious issues with your findings.2. Scarcity of existing researchIt is not unusual to undertake research on a subject for which there is scant previous information or no prior findings at all. Of course, you must recognize whether this may simply be your inability to have access to, or to track down, previously existing writings. This inaccessibility would definitely constitute a limitation that you would have to point out.However, if there is a real lack of previous literature, your task is certainly going to be more involved. N onetheless, you will also be presented with an opportunity to pave your own groundwork and to establish yourself at the head of new research. This can provide you with the opportunity to add meaningfully to the limited findings to date and you might even formulate important methodology for researching the topic at hand. You can create the need and desire for future, ongoing inquiry in the subject area.3. Time restrictions/TimelinessWorkers in all walks of life are continually faced with deadlines. It is a paramount fact; writers know this all too well. A manuscript is assigned, the project and attendant methodology are planned, the research must be carried out, and the finished manuscript is expected for delivery- on time. You need look no further than at the other sections in this article to see that, although the limitations and issues that are discussed herein have their own particular issues and challenges, they could also all be included under the discussion of time restriction s.Occasionally, an extension of a due date may be granted, but to rely on the possibility of an extension is to invite problems. Consequently, time restriction is a limitation. It would be easy to suggest that you should only accept writing offers that you can complete by the stated deadline. Yet, multiple issues can impact the best planning- unexpected delays, longer-than-anticipated research, travel, etc. Furthermore, it is often difficult, or simply not an option, for a dedicated writer to turn down a provocative assignment- and, hopefully, a reasonably lucrative project- because of the possible limits on time. If you commit to a project, and if time constraints adversely affect the completion of your manuscript, you must list this in your discussion of limitations and point out the necessity for continuing research on the subject.While time restriction is a key factor in the research process, timeliness is also significant. In carrying out your research, it may be become appare nt that many or most of the resources and data that you are studying are essentially out of date. To rely principally on this data is counterproductive and this is a problematic limitation. Still, this would also present potentially exciting opportunities for renewed and fresh research on a subject- something you should articulate in your discussion of limitations.4. Process of data collectionYour success in amassing data may be tempered by the fact that you know of certain alternate perspectives on the subject that you will be unable to address in your research. Instances like this can result in the exclusion of important variables or can preclude adding critical questions and surveys. When discussing your limitations, you can emphasize the importance of adding these missing components in future research.Sometimes researchers, out of necessity, must collect data in areas or locations that are not conducive to the process- for example, bustling airports, sports venues, or restaurant s. These locations provide many distractions and there are no guarantees that participants will be giving you their full attention. This is another limitation related to process and it will be good to suggest that future studies ensure that site planning is addressed accordingly.5. Unanticipated variablesLimitations out of ones control are not uncommon. A researcher is certainly capable of making a mistake, despite his or her expertise and dedication to the task at hand. Unforeseen technical problems may occur or a researcher may simply have health problems during the course of research. These and any number of other unexpected events can infringe on the research process, causing delays or even stoppages.Researchers in science fields often run into issues relating to seasonal differences, the environment, or some missing findings among huge amounts of data. These or similar issues can however be found in most any area of research. For instance, interviewing participants on identical topics, but in varying locations, can yield results that are surprisingly different or seemingly of little relation to one another. Is this a true representation of the surveys, or does physical location actually have such a significant impact on the process?It is also possible that research carried out by teams of two or more people may result in differing conclusions or be impacted by tension and even personal relationships. In this case, now the results are open to significantly more debate and assessment.These unanticipated limitations need to be mentioned in any research writing. They may also be among the hardest to quantify and to rectify. Nonetheless, these limitations must be discussed. As in all cases, it is far more beneficial than sweeping them under the carpet.6. Insufficient training and cooperationIt is not unusual for a writer or team of writers to tackle a new project despite the fact that they do not yet possess the requisite research skills. Nothing notable can r esult if these writers are not prepared to produce fresh new findings of their own. Moreover, it is critical that an adequate degree of cooperation exists between the researchers and the constituents that they approach. Strong interaction with professional agencies, government offices, and business establishments will ensure a satisfactory flow of information and data.Deficiencies in training and constructive cooperation constitute substantial limitations. You should take the opportunity to suggest a concise training program for underprepared researchers before they begin their serious work. Moreover, it would behoove you to suggest specific areas of research, to clarify the breadth of the work, and to point out the rewards of successful cooperation in research.You should take the opportunity to suggest a concise training program for underprepared researchers before they begin their serious work. Photo by Startup Stock Photos from Pexels.7. FundingThe funding of a writing project ca n be a challenge because there are often significant associated expenses. Researchers may need to acquire specific equipment (hardware, related products, etc.) or software that is essential in compiling statistics and various other data. Researchers occasionally must hire assistants and it is even possible that participants in a study will have to be remunerated. Financial difficulties during the course of your work are considered limitations. When discussing this, let it be known that the financial restraints have affected your work. You can suggest that future studies of the subject must take into account the real costs of such an undertaking.8. Human nature/Personal and cultural attitudesFinally, human nature and personal beliefs can impact a researchers work, adversely affecting the accuracy and integrity of a study. For example, a writer is hired to study the training procedures and resulting benefits of service dogs for people with disabilities or special needs. However, this writer, because of his or her steadfast views on animal cruelty and attendant issues, may inherently be unable to treat the subject fairly and properly, despite the fact that service dogs are universally admired and that little or no harm ever comes to them.It is not unusual for researchers to skew information and findings to conform to their views or leanings. As a result, the accuracy and validity of the research is compromised. It is your responsibility to vet your sources as well as you can to determine if the findings are supported appropriately. If do you indeed perceive that there are questions about some of your sources, you should mention this in your limitations and discuss how you handled this situation- either by correcting inaccuracies, by focusing predominantly on the most reliable sources, or by sharing other methods you used to offset these issues.

Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essays

Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essays Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essay Determination of Coefficient of Friction Essay First of all, I prepare my working place and start my determination. All my measurements are recorded to the table above. For more accurate results of   kinetic I recorded data with 5 different weights.  The smallest graduation of the spring scale is 0.1 N. According to this, the absolute uncertainty of weight of the block is 0.05 N. I do not add additional uncertainty as I did not encounter any further difficulties in weight measurement. I used weights provided by my teacher. Those weights were precisely 1 N each. In the table I only provide the number of them and therefore I take it without uncertainty.  Once again the smallest graduation of the spring scale is 0.1N and according to this, the absolute uncertainty of friction force measurements should be 0.05N, but I decided to take this uncertainty as 0.1N as it was hard to determine the friction force correctly. I needed to pull the block with the weights at just that force to overcome the friction. I needed to pull equally and using the constant force. It was hard to do, so I decided to add some further uncertainty. Data processing:  When determining the kinetic friction coefficient the mg is equal to the normal force. In each situation I add the weight of the block with weight of the number of weights added. As my used weights were very precise and provided by my teacher I do not include uncertainty to their weights. They were 1N each. Therefore, I leave the absolute uncertainty of the normal force the same as the weight of the block as the same uncertainty remains. ?Normal force = ?weight of the block + ?weights - ?normal force = ?weight of the block + 0. For each situation with different number of weights, the normal force differs as well. I calculated the normal force in this way:  Normal force = weight of the block + n x weight of one weight - Normal force = 0.60 + 1n, where n is the number of weights added.  First of all I measured the length of the wooden plane. I used a meter rule which had a smallest graduation of 0.1 cm. Therefore, I should take the absolute uncertainty of length measurement as 0.05cm, but I decided to take it as 0.1cm due to the fact that wooden plane could not have been in a perfect rectangular shape and therefore length at different positions could be different. I decided to investigate and to check the static coefficient of friction in different situations, so I include the number of weights attached to the wooden block. I provide them as integer numbers.  Further I collected raw data of the height just before which the wooden block started to move. I collected these readings with a meter rule which smallest graduation was 0.1cm and therefore the absolute uncertainty of height measurements should be 0.05cm but I decided to take the absolute uncertainty as 0.3cm due to the fact that wooden plane was lifted by a human and therefore it was hard to identify the correct height.However the biggest deviation from the mean is 0.06, so this number will be taken as the absolute uncertainty. Now I can compare my result with literatures. In Giancoli Physics page 97 it is provided that the coefficient of static friction of wood on wood is equal to 0.4. The percentage discrepancy is equal to 45%. Also, the percentage uncertainty is equal to 27%. I will discuss these finding in conclusion and evaluation part.  Conclusion and evaluation:  The first part of my determination, where I had to find the kinetic coefficient was done more precisely, but not more accurately. The percentage discrepancy compared with the literatures was 0% what is a great achievement, but however the percentage uncertainty was 100%. In the second part discrepancy was 45% and percentage uncertainty was 27%. The percentage uncertainty of the static friction coefficient is quite good, but still the result and determined coefficient is quite far from given literatures value. Therefore, I have to state the weaknesses and limitations of my determination. Some errors were encountered and the percentage uncertainties are quite big despite the fact that I tried to be as accurate as possible. Next time I may try to improve my determination with suggestions provided further and then more accurate results could come. First of all, the main weakness of the determination was human factor as it was needed either to pull uniformly or to lift the plane very slowly and uniformly as well. It was clearly the weakest part of all determination as uniformity was very difficult to achieve. Of course, calculating means helped me to determine the coefficients more precisely, but huge uncertainties were still left. Moreover I could blame the instruments as I had to use quite many of them, but the uncertainty they provided was relatively small. Furthermore, some systematic errors have occurred as I had to do a lot of calculations and roundings during the data processing part. Also, the instruments may have been badly calibrated and this could have affected my determination. However, systematic errors are not so important because even if they even were encountered, they were very small. Another thing is with random errors as they were really significant because the percentage uncertainty shows quite high result. I could provide several suggestions to improve the determination. First of all, I would rather use bigger and longer plane and bigger block. Then, as I would still use the same equipment with same absolute uncertainties, the percentage uncertainty would be reduced significantly. The uncertainty would be less important and more accurate results would come. Also, human factor uncertainty would be reduced because it would be easier to pull uniformly or to lift the plane. However, my suggestions would only lesser the uncertainties, but they would not totally cancel them.

Prevention of HIV among black African men under 30s in UK Essay - 1

Prevention of HIV among black African men under 30s in UK - Essay Example To communicate effectively, Health promotion and communication theory is the most idea since besides passing the message, it gives the health advantages of the campaign, detailing the most preferred ways of prevention. The high rates of HIV among black men shows that they need to adopt behavior change in order to reduce the high risk of infection. The efficiency of campaigns on behavior change e among these individuals will depend on several factors. These factors are evident from the health belief model. Effective communication should target on ensuring that the target perceives the threat of HIV realistically. This will involve an understanding that an individual is susceptible to the disease. In addition, these men should realize the severity of the disease. HIV management has severe consequences that include economical strains and social stigma. Black men realizing the severity of the matter are likely to conform to behavior change reducing their risk of infection. However, majority of the men in the group of men below thirty years perceive a very low risk of transmitting HIV and hinders preventing measures (Owuor, 2009). The perception of the barriers involved in attaining behavior change is critical in determining whether an individual can overcome the barriers and adopt a responsible sexual behavior. Some youth claim that barriers to behavior change involve the reduction of enjoy ability of sex. For majority of black men below the age of thirty, this is a limiting factor to consistent practice of protected sex. In addition, the societal view of condom use and the portrayal of enjoyment of sex without condoms in mass media hinder the target group from effective behavior change. The commonness of HIV with this group is due to the increase of homosexuality. Most of the homosexuals have not adopted any behavior changes despite the high prevalence. The efficiency of prevention will be determined by

Reading Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reading Response - Essay Example Global Context According to studies by scholars it is evident that there has been a global shift with regard to immigration integration. Back in the early 1970s there had been growing support for multiculturalism but however in the 1990s and 2000s the shift has become evident and people are proving to move away from multiculturalism and rather taking to cohesion and integration (Dekkers 189-205). We could use the example of Netherlands who at some point adapted one of the best forms of multiculturalism in the whole of Europe, and that was in the 1980s. However they started dropping the policies bit by bit in the early 1990s up to when it seemed impossible in the 2000s when the entire system was entirely dropped and came to be replaced with very harsh policies which can be termed as not far from old fashion assimilation. Multiculturalism has experienced no form of success ever in the Europe and with it has brought many serious consequences. The only way to handle this is by insisting to new comers to fully subject to their new identity. They should fully embrace the Dutch or British in terms of their social lives and if at all their ethnic identities are to be preserved then they should not be done so in public. The European verses the Canadian Model: Relationship and impact In Europe multiculturalism has been attributed to several ills such as isolation of immigrants, residential ghettoization discrimination against ethnic, increased stereotyping and others as stated in the case. However the perception of multiculturalism playing role to all these can be put up for debate since there exists no tangible evidence showing that the ills named above are more prevalent in countries who failed to adopt the multiculturalism policies (Hyman 1-14). Some views have been aired by several commentators’ and they can be summarized to reveal that multiculturalism has drastically failed in Europe leading to greater stereotyping, prejudice and greater segregation. Many Ca nadians also think that they may be immune to this issue but it is evident that this same issue is gradually emerging in Canada. The only remedy either being the abolition of the multiculturalism or post-cultureless. Canada had adopted an assimilationist approach to ethnic groups that carried the hope of having the immigrants to fully assimilate to the pre-existing mainstream culture and still hoped that with time they would be fully absorbed and become indistinguishable. In around 1971 there was the adoption of the multiculturalism policy and the main goals included assisting all Canadian cultural groups having demonstrated full desire and effort to continue to develop a capacity to grow and offer contributions to Canada, to promote creative encounters among all Canadian groups and assisting immigrants to fully acquire the rights to participate in the Canadian society by learning at least one Canadian official language. There is an area where multiculturalism seems to overlap and t his concerns racism and discrimination. Although the aboriginal people are not counted as visible minorities, they are still clear victims of racism. Within the category of visible minorities there are important differences in the nature of the nature of the types of racism they encounter.is is also believed that anti-black racism is far much different from the type of racism faced by the visible minorities. If we tried to take a look at the statistics

Football Club Management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Football Club Management - Assignment Example The ManU's strategy of survival and its core policies though not necessarily its strategy for growth has been explained in its club charter which is a document which is publicly available and gives out various core aspects such as, consultation processes, ticketing, membership benefits, community activities, merchandising, standards of staff conduct and complaints procedure. (http://www.manutd.com). The ManU has a social orientation which is designed to contribute to the social culture and sporting life, a common bond which is created by the community of football clubs in Britain. (Morrow : 2003). The business potential of ManU lies in its strong brand awareness which is increasingly attracting multinationals as Nike which has taken over the uniform-replica merchandising business run by the Club internally earlier. The other partners include, Vodafone, PepsiCo and Anheuser Busch. (Maidment:2004). The marketing mix of ManU lies in the plethora of sporting and sports related business activities such as an outstanding football team, merchandising, television rights, marketing of sports venue at Old Trafford, sale of products, promotional activities and branding as a premium product. (http://www.thetimes100.co.uk). ManU thus has retained the top position for eighth year in a row in the English league with an income of 259 million. The lead position achieved by the Club in earning large quantum of revenues has been a result of an increasing proclivity to tap markets beyond Britain. (http://www.deloitte.com) Growth has to be both organic and inorganic, in a globalised world the potential for growth lies in the international markets which can be achieved by a planned strategy based on an innate understanding of the culture and structure of the organization in line with the environmental realities. ManU has the potential for unstinted growth and has to determine its strategy for the same in a cogent manner. Strategy Review - ManU "Strategy is the direction and scope of an organisation over the long-term: which achieves advantage for the organisation through its configuration of resources within a challenging environment, to meet the needs of markets and to fulfil stakeholder expectations". (Johnson : 2001). Strategy has been viewed with varied connotations by management pedagogues. The Mintzberg model for instance has classified the main forms of strategies into planned, entrepreneurial, ideological, umbrella, process, connected, consensus and imposed. As is implied in the strategies named thus, it would be evident that thus far ManU has not been following a "planned" strategy for growth, its strong football team and supporter population more than making up for any divergent business requirements and profits were being generated through its brand image. It had perhaps a one point agenda that of winning each and every encounter in the English league and club matches in Europe. This it had been consistently do ing with a strong line up of football stars led by David Beckham till very recently. Diversification

Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals Essay

Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals - Essay Example This "Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals" essay outlines the usage of sexuality of both genders in advertisement. The whole point of sexually idolizing the males and females in advertisement is for subliminal advertisement purpose where the sexual image is unconscious in an individual’s mind but it drives them to purchase the product being advertised in future or as soon as one sees the advertisement. The consumers purchase in order to look like the sexy male or female in the advertisement or intend to get such a sexy male or female as a companion once they have the product. This subliminal advertising is common in beauty products or other products such as cars. The sexual idolization of male and female in advertising is not bound to end soon. According to advertisers, the trend in fact is headed towards more â€Å"steamy† sexual idolization and this has already begun in some magazines. Some of the gender exclusive magazines such as playboy have product advertisements with completely nude photographs of models or celebrities. These images are meant to induce sexual fantasies to the target population driving them to purchase the products in large numbers, remain faithful to the brand and even advertise the products to their friends and colleagues through the word of mouth and by showing them the magazine photos. There is increased cut throat competition in each industry with each company trying to assign itself a position by outdoing each other and this is where innovative, creative and sexualized advertisements comes in.

Case study on Red Bull Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study on Red Bull - Essay Example Branding is about enabling people to identify a product from alternatives offered in the markets (Percy, 2003). â€Å"Brand equity is the creation of positive brand attitudes or service† (Schroeder et al, 2006). In other words, brand equity involves the creation of attitudes and perceptions that will enable a consumer to identify a product from alternatives offered by competitors. Although Red-Bull is a single product offering, it has been able to achieve brand equity across the world through its uniqueness and other factors that enable customers to identify it as unique and different from other soft drink and energy drink offerings on the market. In summary, its unique packaging (the blue, silver and red 250ml can) is famous around the world. Also, the unique content and effects on users is a very strong element of brand equity since it gives consumers a very positive physical, mental and health advantages that most competitors do not give. The Burnett model states that a bra nd equity has four main facades: personality image, source, differences and functions (Randall, 2000). In terms of personality image, customers around the world feel good about the health and mental alertness that Red Bull provides. They respect it as a premier energy drink because it does what a normal cup of coffee would do but with a very positive impact on the individual. Secondly, Red Bull seems to stand for good health, vitality and productivity and that is exactly how it is promoted and packaged as a revitaliser. Also, Red Bull was originally created to be different from all other soft and energy drink offerings on the market. Now that several similar products are available, Red Bull still maintains its distinct packaging and content which keeps it embedded in the mind of consumers. In spite of the universal nature of Red Bull's brand, there was the need for some variation in the brand offering in markets around the world. Dunn (2004) points out that there are six main proces ses that a business needs to go through before they can create brand equity and they are: 1. Market Analysis 2. Brand Architecture 3. Creation of a Strategic Branding Idea 4. Marketing Communication 5. Employee Involvement and 6. Measurement Market analysis involves scanning the dominant environmental factors in a country before offering your products in a country. For the case of Red Bull, the regulatory requirements, market penetration, presence of potential competitors and dominant culture played a major role in the establishment of the brand in Austria. This varied in other parts of Europe so their expansion into Europe required a high degree of analysis and understanding of the dominant culture. In growing from Europe to other markets around the world, Red Bull had to also understand the vital elements of these markets before they could move into them. Brand architecture involves the technical components of determining the brand's DNA (Dunn, 2004). Although the name, identity a nd character of Red Bull was sustained in most markets around the world, the vision, positioning, target market, emotions and pricing had to be varied based on the social, economic and cultural factors of the market they were entering. Thus we notice that the arrangements for entry into the UK market was quite different from that of the South African market because the political, economic and cultural structures of both countries required Red Bull to modify its brand penetration systems. I notice in page 79

Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals Essay

Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals - Essay Example This "Male and Female Sexual Images and Portrayals" essay outlines the usage of sexuality of both genders in advertisement. The whole point of sexually idolizing the males and females in advertisement is for subliminal advertisement purpose where the sexual image is unconscious in an individual’s mind but it drives them to purchase the product being advertised in future or as soon as one sees the advertisement. The consumers purchase in order to look like the sexy male or female in the advertisement or intend to get such a sexy male or female as a companion once they have the product. This subliminal advertising is common in beauty products or other products such as cars. The sexual idolization of male and female in advertising is not bound to end soon. According to advertisers, the trend in fact is headed towards more â€Å"steamy† sexual idolization and this has already begun in some magazines. Some of the gender exclusive magazines such as playboy have product advertisements with completely nude photographs of models or celebrities. These images are meant to induce sexual fantasies to the target population driving them to purchase the products in large numbers, remain faithful to the brand and even advertise the products to their friends and colleagues through the word of mouth and by showing them the magazine photos. There is increased cut throat competition in each industry with each company trying to assign itself a position by outdoing each other and this is where innovative, creative and sexualized advertisements comes in.

Different Research Methods Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Different Methods - Research Paper Example uthors believed that â€Å"a deeper understanding of these transitions is required in order to assist prospective science teachers during their pre-service years and support them during their early years in schools† (Mulholland & Wallace, 2007, p.880). To achieve their objective, the researchers designed a qualitative research through the use of a longitudinal case study. With two Australian primary teachers as participants, the research lasted for four years documenting their transition from pre-service to in-service teaching. The constructivist/interpretative approach was used as the framework for the research with â€Å"case study as its organizing perspective† (Mulholland & Wallace, 2007, p.880). Adopting a constructivist/ interpretative framework allowed the researchers to use their expertise and experiences in gaining in-depth understanding of the experiences of novice teachers. Interpretative or constructivist research â€Å"assumes that reality is socially constructed, that there is no single, observable reality† (Merriam, 2009, p.216). This paradigm states that because individuals have the natural propensity to seek meaning and understanding of the world, there are various interpretations of different events. The role of the researcher then is to construct knowledge about what is examined both from his/her perception and the respondents of the study. Data from an experimental methodology or quantitative research cannot substantiate the experiences that the researchers wish to investigate. Due to the nature of the problem and objectives that the researchers wished to attain, a longitudinal case study was employed. The researchers are highly involved in a sense that they had prior theoretical knowledge and experience about the topic. The constructivist/ interpretative approach ensured that the results gathered will reflect both the interpretations of the respondents and the researchers. It is crucial for the objectives of the study to gather data during the

Review of the “Safety Training” Episode of The Office Television Series Essay Example for Free

Review of the â€Å"Safety Training† Episode of The Office Television Series Essay The mockumentary-inspired effort of the National Broadcasting Company (NBC) in presenting real life situations of workplace environment has paid off with the apparent success of the network’s American version of British BBC 2001 hit television comedy show â€Å"The Office. † The 2005 release of the TV series in the United States paved the way for the public’s realization of the various exploits existing within an organizational setting. This is primarily due to the diversified hence obvious clashing of personalities and professional attributes among office personnel. In particular, such office conflict is clearly manifested by the 47th episode of â€Å"The Office† entitled â€Å"Safety Training. † This is where Andy Bernard who is being portrayed by actor Ed Helms and who after finishing his anger management therapy, returned to Dunder Mifflin’s Scranton, Pennsylvania branch which is a fictional paper supply office. It is during this specific episode that arguments concerning employees’ egos, improper conducts and boredom have become more effectively depicted. In the said episode, Regional Manager Michael Scoot, played by actor Steve Carell, showed his usual hazardous antics, which eventually endangered an employee and required all of them to undergo safety training. This showed a thesis that anything is inevitably risky in an office environment or that any office activity, even a supposedly safety training, may go astray if the personnel involved are apparently clashing with each other and are always in conflict thus despairing people. Ultimately, the said episode which was carried out in an amusing spoof manner manifested that an office-based depression is a threat to an employee (Novak Ramis, 2007). Lastly, such episode of â€Å"The Office† generally imparted a premise that each office equipment and machinery has its own function and possible danger which may affect both the employees and organizational performance. Hence, office employees need to protect themselves regardless of their respective conflicts in order to achieve office success. Reference Novak, B. J. Ramis, H. (2007). Safety Training. In G. Daniels, The Office. Los Angeles: Reveille Productions.

Discrimination Of Sexual Minorities In The Workplace

Discrimination Of Sexual Minorities In The Workplace Qualified, hardworking Americans are denied job opportunities, fired or otherwise discriminated against just because they are lesbian, gay, bisexual or transgender (LGBT) (Human Right Campaign). Even with the passing and enforcement of employment anti-discrimination laws, statistics show that persons with minority status such as people of color, persons with disabilities and women continue to experience discrimination in the workplace, particularly sexual minorities LGBT persons (Niles Harris-Bowlsbey, 2005). LGBT individuals who are also ethnic minorities are at an even greater disadvantage, with African American transgender people faring the worst (Grant, Mottet, Tanis, Harrison, Keisling, 2001). To date, no federal law exists which consistently protects LGBT individuals from discriminatory practices in the workplace. It is still legal in 29 states to discriminate against employees and job applicants based on their sexual orientation, and legal in 38 states to discriminate based on gender identity (Human Rights Campaign). Within the state of Florida, there are no provisions in place which formally address discrimination based on gender identity; however a Florida court ruled that a person with Gender Identity Disorder (gender dysphoria) is within the disability coverage under the Florida Human Rights Act, as well as sections of the act that proscribe discrimination based on perceived disability. There is no state-wide non-discrimination law that protects individuals based on sexual orientation (Human Rights Campaign). Vocational psychology researchers, practitioners, and LGBT advocates have made significant attempts to call attention to the vocational concerns and needs of both ethnic and sexual minority groups. Over the past few decades, work discrimination has become a topic of interest in the fast growing literature regarding the vocational issues and challenges of LGBT persons (Chung, 2001; Gedro, 2009; Loo Rocco, 2009; ONeil, McWhirter, Cerezo, 2008). Work Discrimination Chung (2001) defined work discrimination as, unfair and negative treatment of workers or job applicants based on personal attributes that are irrelevant to job performance (Chung, 2001,p. 34) and proposed a conceptual framework that describes work discrimination along three dimensions: a) formal versus informal, b) perceived versus real, and c) potential versus encountered. Formal discrimination refers to institutional policies or decisions that influence ones employment status, job assignment, and compensation. Informal discrimination refers to workplace behaviors or environments that are unwelcoming. Perceived discrimination refers to acts perceived to be discriminatory; whereas, real discrimination is based in actuality/reality. Potential discrimination refers to discrimination that could occur if a persons LGBT identity is either revealed or assumed. Encountered discrimination refers to discriminatory acts one experiences. Findings from Research on Work Discrimination against LGBT persons Following is a brief overview of some of the recent research findings on work discrimination of LGBT individuals. In their report entitled Bias in the Workplace, Badgett, Lau, Sears, and Ho (2007) summarized research findings about employment discrimination of LGBT persons from four different kinds of studies throughout the United States. Surveys of LGBT persons experiences with workplace discrimination (self-reports and co-worker perceptions), revealed that 16% to 68% of LGB persons reported experiencing employment discrimination, with 57% of transgender persons reporting the same. A significant number of heterosexual co-workers also reported witnessing sexual orientation discrimination in the work place against their LGBT peers. Of note, 12% to 13% of respondents in specific occupations (e.g., the legal profession) reported witnessing anti-gay discrimination in employment. An analysis of employment discrimination complaints filed with governmental agencies in states where discrimin ation based on sexual orientation is prohibited, findings revealed that LGB persons filed complaints at rates similar to women and racial minorities (e.g., people of color). An analysis of wage differentials between LGBT and heterosexual workers revealed that gay men earn 10% to 32% less than heterosexual men with similar qualifications and that transgender persons reported higher rates of unemployment (6% to 60% were unemployed) with incredibly small earnings (22% 64% of the employed earned less than $25,000 per year). Finally, findings from controlled experiments where researchers compare treatment of LGBT people and treatment of heterosexuals by presenting hypothetical scenarios in which research participants interact with the actual or hypothetical people who are coded as gay or straight also revealed significant discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation in the workplace. According to the American Psychological Association (2011), those who self-identify as LGBT are particularly vulnerable to being socioeconomically disadvantaged; this is important as socioeconomic status is inextricably linked to LGBT persons rights and overall well-being. Although LGBT persons tend to be more educated in comparison to the general population, research suggests that they make significantly less money than their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts. In 2009, the National Center for Transgender Equality and the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force published the preliminary findings of their National Transgender Discrimination Survey (NTDS). A staggering 97% of survey participants reported experiencing mistreatment, harassment, or discrimination in some form on their jobs, which included privacy invasion (48% said supervisors/coworkers shared information about me inappropriately and 41% said I was asked questions about my transgender and surgical status), verbal abuse (48% said I was referred to be the wrong pronoun, repeatedly and on purpose), and physical or sexual assault (7% said I was a victim of sexual assault at work and 6% said I was a victim of sexual assault at work). Survey respondents also reported experiencing unemployment at twice the rate of the population, with 47% having experienced an adverse job outcome being fired, not hired or denied a promotion at some point in their careers due to their gender identity. Simi lar findings were reported in the NTDS official report, Injustice at Every Turn. Other significant findings were that 57% of participants reported trying to avoid discrimination by keeping their gender or gender transition a secret, and 71% by delaying the transition. Sixteen percent reported that they had to resort to work in the underground economy to earn income (e.g., prostitution or selling drugs). Unemployed respondents reported experiencing devastating outcomes, including double the homelessness, 85% more incarceration, and increased negative health outcomes, including twice the rate of HIV infection and nearly twice the rate of current drug use to self-medicate/cope in comparison to their employed LGBT counterparts (Ramos, Badgett, Sears, 2011). Frye (2001) argued that transgender persons are regular targets of workplace discrimination even more systematically than their LGB counterparts. In an attempt to ensure professional survival and avoid discrimination, many LGB employees choose not to come out at work; however because transgender persons may possess physical and behavioral characteristics that clearly identify them as transgendered at some point in their lives (mainly during gender transition), they are more susceptible to having their sexual minority status revealed against their will (being outed). More so than LGB individuals, transgender persons are frequently targets of hate crimes because of their visibility (Frye, 2001). How/ Why Work Discrimination is related or important to career counseling. In the United States, a dominant career-related belief is that the individual controls his or her own career destiny (Niles Harris-Bowlsbey, 2005, p. 1); however, individual control is always exercised within a context that varies based on the degree to which it supports ones career goals. In the case of LGBT persons, factors such as heterosexism, socioeconomic status, and racism may restrict access to certain occupational opportunities. Work discrimination in any form can have a profound effect on ones career path and development (Neary, 2010). LGBT people face a complex set of choices that are unique to them because of their sexual minority status (Gedro, 2009, p. 54). Many of them have to confront exclusion from certain types of jobs, such as elementary school teachers and child care workers; physical assault, verbal harassment and abuse, destruction of property, ridicule, trans-phobic jokes, unfair work schedules, workplace sabotage, and restriction to their careers (Kirk Belov ics, 2008, p.32 as cited in Neary, 2010). In the case of transgender individuals, concerns about personal safety while at work preclude the focus on career interests (Neary, 2010). Because of the large amount of energy it requires to integrate a positive gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender identity, as well as cope with discrimination (within and outside of the workplace), career development for such persons to be postponed, hindered, or misdirected (Alderson, 2003 as cited in Gedro, 2009, p.56; Haley, 2004). Pepper and Lorah (2008) identified 3 major problems related to the job search process an integral part of career development which poses several challenges for transgender persons: 1) potential loss of work history, 2) navigating the job interview process (many struggle with confidence and self-esteem issues), and 3) if an employer asks about work experience under another name. Although slightly different, such challenges may be generalized to LGB job-applicants as well. Helping LGBT clients prepare for these problems is essential in assisting them in their career choice and job search efforts (Neary, 2010). Work discrimination also has a significant impact on LGBT persons mental state, with the most common psychological issues include increased levels of stress and anxiety, depression, lack of self-confidence, drug and alcohol dependency (Neary, 2010), and attempted suicide (Grant et. al., 2011). Implications Suggested Interventions for Career Counselors Like all other clients, the LGBT client may require help with career planning, self-assessment, career exploration, career or job transitions, job search strategies etcetera (Neary, 2010; ONeil et. al., 2008). Career counselors working with sexual minorities need to create a LGBT-positive/affirming counseling environment, in which clients are free to explore their personal needs, interests and values in a safe place. Such an environment includes tangible and process-related forms of support and affirmation (e.g., displaying quarterly newsletters from the America Psychological Associations Division 44 and other reading materials or paying careful attention to unique aspects of assessment interpretation) for LGBT clients. Intake forms should encourage them to note their gender presentation, and gender-neutral washrooms should be made available (ONeil et. al., 2008). Counselors and other helping professionals involved in the career development process of LGBT individuals should ensure that they develop relevant multicultural knowledge, skills and awareness for conducting culturally appropriate career discussions, realizing that more traditional approaches will likely be ineffective with this particular population. (Niles Harris-Bowlsbey, 2001). When a LGBT client presents for career counseling, counselors should assess whether they are competent to provide the services requested (ONeil, et. al., 2008). It is also imperative that career counselors assess their personal biases, stereotypes, and assumptions about the LGBT client presenting for counseling. A client-centered approach is recommended given that the issue of trust building is critical with the LGBT population. From a narrative perspective, adopting a stance of informed not knowing will allow the LGBT client the best chance to share their story about their career and life in their own wo rds. Following, the counselor and client collaborate to deconstruct the cultural narratives of gender and heterosexism that promote negative messages and replace them with a more accurate and affirming narrative (Neary, 2010). In the case of personal dislike to LGBT individuals, ONeil et. al., (2008) advised that counselors refer the client to another professional, receive continuing education and supervision, and engage in personal exploration of the topic as a means to prepare for future clients with similar concerns. The career counselors ability to provide effective services to their LGBT clients will be improved by staying current with the relevant literature (ONeil et. al., 2008). Career counselors are encouraged to help improve cultural sensitivity where their clients are concerned; this can be achieved by using appropriate names, pronouns and other terminology preferred by their LGBT clients to help validate their identity. Career counselors should also make it a point to educate themselves about the different legal issues experienced by their clients and investigate any written workplace policies that may hold relevance to LGBT individuals, such as the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ONeil et. al., 2008; Human Rights Campaign). Further, career counselors should identify and attend to all of the salient aspects of the clients identity, as clients may identify themselves with an array of sociocultural backgrounds. This is especially important for transgender clients who not only suffer discrimination in the workplace, but in almost every aspect of their lives: education, housing, public accommodations, receiving update identification documents, and health care (Ramos, Badgett, Sears, 2011). Pope (1995) as cited in Gedro (2009) outlined four useful interventions for career counselors working in their work with sexual minorities. Pope suggests a discussion about discrimination interventions (exploring the nature and extent of discrimination and any resources available to the client should he or she chose to change their job or career), dual-career couples (e.g., Do you openly reveal the relationship at work?), overcoming internalized transphobia or homophobia with the client (many sexual minority clients possess an intense self-hatred and loathing), as well as supporting LGBT role models (particularly those who do not work in safe occupation). Finally, career counselors are also strongly encouraged to serve as advocates for their LGBT clients. One author noted that a weakness in the field is the reluctance or inability to see career counselors as change agents who can help not only individuals to change but systems to change as well (Hanson, 2003 as cited in ONeil, 2008, p. 299). Neary (2010) cited Muniz and Thomas (2006) five strategies in organization settings that career counselors can use to help cultivate an affirmative LGBT work environment. They include: 1) setting up the context advocating in the workplace for anti-discrimination and harassment policies, 2) preparing for resistance taking steps to make the concerns and needs of the LGBT population more visible, 3) leadership commitment gaining commitment and support from the leadership/management of organization, 4) becoming familiar with or launching affinity and/or resource groups for LGBT persons, and 5) continued learning additional diversity training (Near y, 2010). The Human Rights Campaign Foundation provides a 5-step checklist for advocating for the rights of transgender persons, and the NCTEs list of 52 Things You Can Do for Transgender Equity, is also a useful guide for initiating social advocacy (ONeil, et. al., 2008).

The Single Life :: essays research papers

The Single Life A typical single Person in the media is usually portrayed falsely in my opinion. They are shown living daily with basically no worries. If they were burdened with something, it is not significant, and is usually ridiculously non-important. An example is that they only seemed to be worried with is finding dates. If that is the worst thing I have to be worried with when I’m older, then I’m not too scared about getting older or being single. On many T.V. shows the main focus of an episode has to do with a guy looking for a girlfriend, or girl looking for a boyfriend. That doesn’t happen in real life. I mean sure people look for dates of to get hooked up, but it doesn’t occupy their whole mindset. It seems that on T.V. single people have no responsibilities. They always focus on insignificant materialistic things. Clothing, jewelry, and money are the main topic of discussion or concern. Single people seem quite independent on shows. They appear free to run around freely, unburdened by commitment. On â€Å"Friends† they seem to have plenty of time to sit around and talk about things all day long. And of course there is â€Å"Seinfield†, the ultimate show about absolutely nothing. None of them are married, but they are portrayed as living perfectly happy with the smallest of problems. They are portrayed usually as sexually active, and make it seem ok to sleep around. Almost every T.V. show has someone sleeping with another person. It is made into a joke to be a tramp. T.V. has gone from Leave it to Beaver where the parents slept in separate beds, to now where unmarried couples and strangers sleep together I think this is a bad example for the single people of our society. It sets the tone that people will be ok if they’re single. Of course the world will not end if some people are single, but we want to strive to have people married.

Free Essays - Tuesdays With Morrie :: Tuesdays With Morrie Essays

When my parents first told me that it would be a good idea for me to read Tuesdays With Morrie, my perception of the memoir was that it was an account of an old man dying.   This did not seem, to me, to be the most interesting topic to read about.   I reluctantly began the book and soon became quite involved with the novel’s insightful progression.   I initially thought I would construct a typical review of the novel and hand it in for a good grade.   I then asked myself if I would learn anything by writing a summary.   Two answers became evident.   The first was that, of course, I would learn how to write yet another book report.   The second was that I would not benefit at all from simply summarizing the memoir.   I came to the conclusion that by focusing my paper on that which Morrie so eloquently taught the reader, both me and my teacher would gain insight and understanding about living life to it’s fullest.   Morrie’s message was, in short, not to become preoccupied with death and dying, but to live the life that you still have left in a meaningful and rewarding way.   He believed that although death would soon take him, he wanted to teach others and share his ideas so that they could be passed on to future generations.     Mitch Albom is an alumnus of Brandeis University, where Morrie Schwartz taught for many years.   Morrie left a lasting impression on Mitch and that impression is what eventually motivated Mitch to return to his wise professor.   Mitch rediscovered Morrie in the last months of the older man’s life.   Knowing he was dying, Morrie visited with Mitch every Tuesday in his study, just as they had done in college days.   Morrie taught Mitch his final lesson: how to live.   Morrie and Mitch’s relationship went far beyond that of a teacher and student.   It turned into a friendship between two men.   Morrie taught Mitch innumerable lessons about the world, feeling sorry for oneself, regrets, death, family, emotions, fear of aging, money, how love goes on, marriage, culture, forgiveness, and saying good-bye.   Morrie never wanted sympathy from Mitch; only an open mind and heart.   Morrie discussed his philosophies on life with Mitch and encouraged him to do the same.   Morrie shared his strengths and his weaknesses with his student, allowing him to open up to his old professor in a way that would help him to recharge his existing life.

Business report Essay

This report illustrates two ways that Virgin Atlantic Airway uses to invest successfully in Africa. The two aspects are business and local directions. These are based on company’s website, academic journals and newspapers. Business means companies should catch the opportunity to expend their business. Local means the company should be concerning about the local economic situation and the local people’s lifestyle, in order to let the local accepting them invest in Africa, therefore makes that Virgin Atlantic Airway invest in Africa successful. The two ways used by Virgin Atlantic Airway have been mostly successfully invest in Africa. If Virgin Atlantic Airway keeps considering about these two aspects to their investment program, it can make their investment program more successful than their current situation. 1. Introduction Virgin Atlantic Airway is one of the most famous airline giants in the world. Its successful investment in Africa is an important essential that makes this company reaches this rank. 1. 1 Background Virgin Corporation was founded in 1968 by Richard Branson in the United Kingdom. Until 2012, the Virgin Corporation employed almost more than 50,000 people over 50 countries in the world. Global branded revenues of ? 15bn ($24bn). Virgin Corporation is a transnational private company. In 1970, the Virgin Group has gone on to grow successful businesses in sectors ranging from mobile telephony, travel, financial services, leisure, music, holidays, health to wellness. Virgin Atlantic set up in 1984. The company has become Britain’s second largest carrier serving majority of cities in the world. In 1999. Virgin Atlantic started cooperation with South Africa Airways. At the same time, Virgin added a new airline flight to South Africa. In 2004, Nigerian investors and Virgin Group founded in Virgin Nigeria. However, Virgin, the major shareholders announced their withdrawal from the partnership in 2009. 1. 2 Purpose The purpose is explaining how successful Virgin Atlantic Airway investment is in Africa. 1. 3 Methods The method of this report is based on business and local perspectives to prove that Virgin Atlantic Airway makes a successful investment in Africa. 2. Findings and Discussion 2. 1 Business The growth rates of a number of African countries were achieving impressive levels with consistency. When transnational corporations choose to invest in Africa, business opportunity is one of the biggest reasons. In 2009, Virgin Atlantic Airway found a proper time when they moved into Africa. The economic achievements after Virgin Atlantic Airway moved in Africa included: Table 1 From 2003—2007 Virgin Atlantic Financial Y/E April 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 PAX NO (cal year) 3. 8m 4. 3m 4. 4m 4. 6m 5. 1m TURNOVER ?1401m ?1272m* ?1630m ?1912m 2140m PROFIT/(LOSS) ?15. 7m ?20. 9m* ?20. 1m** ?41. 6** ?46. 8 (Source: From â€Å"Virgin Atlantic Airways – Company Overview,† n. d. ) The table shows Virgin Atlantic financial position from 2003 to 2007, it was increasing. From 1999, Virgin Atlantic Airway started investment in Africa. They found a new space to expand their business. From Table 1, from 2003 to 2007, their profit obviously increased from ? 15. 7m to ? 46. 8m. Especially, in 2006, the profit of Virgin Atlantic Airway almost doubled that in 2005. Furthermore, at the same time, Virgin Atlantic Airway invested in Nigeria which is one of the important reasons for the fast increase in company profit. Virgin Atlantic Cargo today announced revenues for the 2010/2011 financial year increasing 39 per cent to A? 224. 4 million (â€Å"Virgin Cargo sees 39% ,â€Å"n. d. ). In EMEA, sales increased 47 per cent over 2009/10. (â€Å"Virgin Cargo sees 39%,† n. d. ) In February 2009, SAA and Virgin Atlantic expanded their existing code-share. In March 2009, SAA offered additional flights and increased capacity on the route between Johannesburg and Mumbai. (â€Å"Market Overview – Travel,† 2010) Table 2 Overall ownership 51% Nigerian, 49% Technical Partner (Virgin Atlantic) 49% Virgin Atlantic Technical Partner (owned 51% Virgin, 49% Singapore Airlines) 11% Capital Alliance Leading private equity investor blue-chip investors/management 10% Dantata Leading industrial/services conglomerate based in Muslim North 4% Standard Trust Bank Largest Nigerian bank, â€Å"new generation† strategy 26% Other Nigerian institutional investors 17 other Nigerian insurance companies, banks, corporates, private equity firms. (Source: Fromâ€Å"Investment Environment in Africa,† 2005) This Table explains that the percentage of Virgin Atlantic invested in Nigeria. Virgin Atlantic is the major share-holder in Virgin Nigeria. In 2009, Virgin Atlantic Airway quitted from Virgin Nigeria. Virgin investment in Nigeria announced failed. However, Virgin Atlantic Airway invest in Africa had failed in some situation. In 2009, Virgin Atlantic Airway quit from Virgin Nigeria. From Table 2, Virgin was the major share-holder in Virgin Nigeria, Akpo. E (2013) states,† external factors include but are not limited to poor infrastructure in Nigeria, conflicts with government’s aviation authorities as regards use of facilities and poor profit turnout†(p. 6). It means Virgin has a negative factor in choosing a place. Thus, Virgin Atlantic Airway should be concerning that knows what other international investment companies method about investment and management. If they have strengthen communication between company and the company, they can avoid failed in Nigeria and their business space in Africa will wider than now. 2. 2 Local The company plans to move into another country, the leader will consider the local problem first. When the local support the company that means the company’s investment program has succeed and has a good beginning. In 2004, Virgin Atlantic Airway invested in Nigeria, and the leader of Virgin has considered this issue. Lumess Talent Acquisition has executed across all of the business by Virgin Atlantic, which received 130,000applications from 2,200vacancies advertised every year (â€Å"Virgin Atlantic uncovers the best talent and cuts time to hire by 20%† n. d. ). Virgin’s investment in Africa started from 1999, Virgin Atlantic Airway got the supporting from local that Virgin Atlantic Airway had received 130,000 applications for 2,200 vacancies advertised annually. This way boosts international economic cooperation, and promotes the relationship between investment company and local. Moreover, investment in Africa has promoted the tourist industry of Africa because it can bring many business chances and enhance local economic. Brand new air crafts and a mix of expatriates and local employees was commenced operations by Virgin Nigeria (â€Å"The birth, the rise and the fall of Virgin Nigeria† 2013). High traffic growth occurred because the emergence of budget airlines and the booming economic climate in South Africa (â€Å"Market Overview – Travel† 2010). On the other hand, Virgin Atlantic Airway invested in Africa solve the problem of employment. Akpo. E (2013) states, â€Å"Virgin Nigeria commenced operations with brand new air crafts and a mix of expatriates and local employees† (p. 6). Recruitment of locals is one of the reasons that Virgin Atlantic Airway gets support from the local. Therefore, Virgin Atlantic Airway’s method is right to have achievement in Africa for the company. In this aspect, Virgin Atlantic Airway should be keeping the balance of local employees and service quality. If they perform regular inspections every month, they will solve the problem between local employees and service quality and keep of it. 3. Conclusion This report clearly states that Virgin is almost successful to invest in Africa. The reason is that they catch the opportunity to expand their business and consider about the local situation of Africa. Virgin can provide working opportunities to the local, and help the economics of Africa growth. Overall, Virgin is one of the best examples to demonstrate how well a company investment in Africa. 4. Recommendation and implementation As a company, investment is one of the most important programs. Companies should know about how to catch the business opportunities and cater for the local. Therefore, Virgin Corporation attaches importance to business and local. They catch a good opportunity for the investment program. However, in order to make Virgin Corporation become more successful investment in Africa. Accordingly, the following recommendations are made: If Virgin Corporation concerns about communicating with other local air company, the company will know more about the local situation and find more new partners. Virgin should not only communicate with their work partner because they need expanding in the future. If Virgin Corporation improves the ability of regulating conflict and keeping the balance with inner and outer. Virgin Atlantic Airway will not withdraw from Virgin Nigeria. For example, having a regular assignment to the employees can avoid poor employee attitude as a minus.

The Differences Between Parliamentary & Presidential System

Differences between Parliamentary system and Presidential system [Judiciary] In relating both systems, parliamentary and presidential systems are currently using different judiciary system to enforce law in society. Before entering judiciary segment, it is essential to understand the definition of judiciary where it can be noted that:- â€Å"†¦Judiciary is commonly considered the third branch of government. It stabilizes the political system by solving disputes involving the country’s law†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Barrington, 2010, p. 280) â€Å"†¦It is emphatically the province and duty of the judicial department to say what the law is†¦Ã¢â‚¬  John Marshall cited in (Woll, 1992, p. 51) From this definition above, the judiciary simply implies the body or branch that play important role in interpretation of the law and solving matters relating to legal issue. Both Parliamentary and Presidential system does also exhibit Judiciary bodies but portrays different function to one another where it can be noted that:- In United Kingdom: – â€Å"†¦Their jurisdiction over civil cases extended to the United Kingdom as a whole but only for England, Wales and Northern Island in criminal†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Barrington, 2010, p. 85) Meaning to say that â€Å"Law of Lords† have jurisdiction in for the whole states in United Kingdom, but in England, Wales, and Northern Island the Law of Lord are function in decision making of criminal cases. This different with United States of America which is â€Å"†¦The doctrine of separation of power operates on two levels. On the national level, the authority of the federal government is divided among three distinct competitive and mutually involved branches. On another level, power is split between national and state government†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Woll, 1992, p. 255)From the quotation above show that separations of power have two levels, for the first level is in the federal government have three branches whic h are Legislature, Judiciary and Executive that different with each other but it actually involved each other to ensure that the government run smoothly. Another difference between these two countries is the Constitution. In United Kingdom constitutional are unwritten that is different with United States of America that have written Constitution from the beginning of United State are founded. Law in United States of America are recorded.In United Kingdom the House of Lords are consisting twelve â€Å"Lords of Appeal in Ordinary† that also called â€Å"Law of Lords†. In United Kingdom are applying the independence of judiciary which is needed to be:- United Kingdom:- â€Å"†¦insulated from scrutiny, general accountability for their role or properly made public criticisms of conduct inside or outside the court room†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Lords, 2007, p. 13) Contra with United States of America that:- â€Å"Although the states were no longer equal to the central governmen t, they still retained a fair amount of sovereignty.As long as they did not conflict with the Constitution of Federal laws, state laws were supreme within each state, that is, within its own domain†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Woll, 1992, p. 257) Meaning to say that judiciary in United Kingdom are isolated from the Executive and Parliament in way to protected it from be review and need to criticise in proper way wherever outside or inside the courts room. In United Kingdom legal system are based on three sources that are Case Law, Legislation and Statutory of Laws (Act of Parliament).In the other hand United States of America there are Federalism and the Judiciary. Judiciary in State and National have issue on sovereignty and have been settling by Civil War which is bringing the inequalities to the states then central government. From the statement above can show that the judiciary part in United States of America which is both state and federal government have a same sovereignty in this country as long as the law are not contradict with Constitution of Federal law.This is different with United Kingdom that used the Fusion of power which is all branch of government are mixed up each other because in United Kingdom are using the parliamentary system. Administration of law in United Kingdom is different with United States of America, this can shown in:- â€Å"†¦The United Kingdom does not have a single body of law applicable throughout the kingdom. Scotland has it is own distinctive system and courts, and in Northern Ireland certain spheres of law differ in substance from those operating in England and Wales.The main civil courts in England and Wales are: †¢ Magistrates' Courts †¢ County Courts for small cases and †¢The High Court, which is divided into †¢ The Chancery Division, †¢ The Family Division, and †¢ The Queen's Bench Division (including the maritime and commercial courts), for the more important cases†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (The United Kin gdom Judicial System) But in United States of America the courts that operating are:- â€Å"†¦Supreme Courts consisted of six justices, who rode the circuit as judges of the Courts of Appeals.The courts was reduced to five members at one time and expended to ten at another. Since 1869, The Supreme Courts has consistently had nine members. And since 1891, the justices have no had to serve on courts of appeal, although each justice has some responsibilities with at least one appeals court†¦ † (Woll, 1992, p. 268) The differences are can be shown when comparing the administration on judiciary branch. In United States of America the judiciary branches are administered by congress because:- â€Å"†¦Generally, Congress determines the jurisdiction of the federal courts.In some cases, however — such as in the example of a dispute between two or more U. S. states — the Constitution grants the Supreme Court original jurisdiction, an authority that cannot b e stripped by Congress†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Judicial Branch) This showed us that the jurisdiction branches are dependable on congress to make an issue or solving problem regarding law for United States of America. Conclusion Conclusion that can be made from both of the countries in judiciary system are the system are totally different each other.The differences can be seen on the jurisdiction of judiciary branch, function of judiciary branch in both system that is parliamentary system and presidential system, type of Constitution, and administration of judiciary branch in United Kingdom and United State of America. The judiciary branch in both systems is totally different function in making or interprets law, because there are no similarities in judiciary for both system and countries. The comparison that been made useful to studying the differences roles of judiciary in different system of government and countries.